The Underlying Catalytic Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Ketonization over TiOx Catalysts.

Recently, interest in converting bio-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) into added-value products has significantly increased. The selectivity of ketonization reaction in the conversion of the FAMEs has significantly hampered the efficiency of this process. Herein, this work reports the preparation of catalysts with different levels of oxygen vacancies while the crystal phase remained unchanged. The catalyst with the highest level of oxygen vacancy exhibited the maximum selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation showed an increase in interatomic distances leading to the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) upon the creation of oxygen vacancies. The surface measurements, type and density of acid sites of the catalysts, showed that the Lewis acid sites enhanced the selectivity for ketone production; while Bronsted acid sites increased the formation of by-products. Moreover, the ketone formation rate was directly proportional to acid density. The findings of this research provide a different approach for catalyst design, based on defects engineering and their effect on the surface activity, which could be used for enhancing the catalytic performance of novel metal oxides.

Genome-enabled prediction of indicator traits of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep using parametric models and artificial neural networks.

This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of parametric models and artificial neural network method for genomic prediction of the following indicator traits of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in Santa Inês sheep: packed cell volume (PCV), fecal egg count (FEC), and Famacha© method (FAM). After quality control, the number of genotyped animals was 551 (PCV), 548 (FEC), and 565 (FAM), and 41,676 SNP. The average prediction accuracy (ACC) calculated by Pearson correlation between observed and predicted values and mean squared errors (MSE) were obtained using genomic best unbiased linear predictor (GBLUP), BayesA, BayesB, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (BLASSO), and Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (three and four hidden neurons, BRANN_3 and BRANN_4, respectively) in a 5-fold cross-validation technique. The average ACC varied from moderate to high according to the trait and models, ranging between 0.418 and 0.546 (PCV), between 0.646 and 0.793 (FEC), and between 0.414 and 0.519 (FAM). Parametric models presented nearly the same ACC and MSE for the studied traits and provided better accuracies than BRANN. The GBLUP, BayesA, BayesB and BLASSO models provided better accuracies than the BRANN_3 method, increasing by around 23% for PCV, and 18.5% for FEC. In conclusion, parametric models are suitable for genome-enabled prediction of indicator traits of resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Due to the small differences in accuracy found between them, the use of the GBLUP model is recommended due to its lower computational costs.

Transcranial static magnetic stimulation reduces seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome.

Dravet syndrome is a rare form of severe genetic epilepsy characterized by recurrent and long-lasting seizures. It appears around the first year of life, with a quick evolution toward an increase in the frequency of the seizures, accompanied by a delay in motor and cognitive development, and does not respond well to antiepileptic medication. Most patients carry a mutation in the gene SCN1A encoding the α subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1, resulting in hyperexcitability of neural circuits and seizure onset. In this work, we applied transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS), a non-invasive, safe, easy-to-use and affordable neuromodulatory tool that reduces neural excitability in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. We demonstrate that tSMS dramatically reduced the number of crises. Furthermore, crises recorded in the presence of the tSMS were shorter and less intense than in the sham condition. Since tSMS has demonstrated its efficacy at reducing cortical excitability in humans without showing unwanted side effects, in an attempt to anticipate a possible use of tSMS for Dravet Syndrome patients, we performed a numerical simulation in which the magnetic field generated by the magnet was modeled to estimate the magnetic field intensity reached in the cerebral cortex, which could help to design stimulation strategies in these patients. Our results provide a proof of concept for nonpharmacological treatment of Dravet syndrome, which opens the door to the design of new protocols for treatment.

Numerical Study of a Thrombus Migration Risk in Aneurysm After Coil Embolization in Patient Cases: FSI Modelling.

PURPOSE: There are still many challenges for modelling a thrombus migration process in aneurysms. The main novelty of the present research lies in the modelling of aneurysm clot migration process in a realistic cerebral aneurysm, and the analysis of forces suffered by clots inside an aneurysm, through transient FSI simulations. METHODS: The blood flow has been modelled using a Womersley velocity profile, and following the Carreau viscosity model. Hyperelastic Ogden model has been used for clot and isotropic linear elastic model for the artery walls. The FSI coupled model was implemented in ANSYS® software. The hemodynamic forces suffered by the clot have been quantified using eight different clot sizes and positions inside a real aneurysm. RESULTS: The obtained results have shown that it is almost impossible for clots adjacent to aneurysm walls, to leave the aneurysm. Nevertheless, in clots positioned in the centre of the aneurysm, there is a real risk of clot migration. The risk of migration of a typical post-coiling intervention clot in an aneurysm, in contact with the wall and occupying a significant percentage of its volume is very low in the case studied, even in the presence of abnormally intense events, associated with sneezes or impacts. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology allows evaluating the clot migration risk, vital for evaluating the progress after endovascular interventions, it is a step forward in the personalized medicine, patient follow-up, and helping the medical team deciding the optimal treatment.

Efficacy of psychological interventions for young adults with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Psychological interventions are commonly used to treat mild-to-moderate depression, but their efficacy in young adults has not been exhaustively addressed. This meta-analysis aims to establish it in comparison to no treatment, wait-list, usual treatment, passive interventions, and other bona-fide treatments. METHODS: The search was conducted in Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, the ISRCTN Registry, Cochrane CENTRAL, Clarivate BIOSIS Previews and the METAPSY database, retrieving studies from the start of records to April 2020. Eligibility criteria included samples of 16-30 years experiencing mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms and participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, or pre-post studies measuring depressive symptomatology and featuring psychological treatments. RESULTS: Up to 45 studies met criteria, consisting of 3,947 participants, assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and their results meta-analyzed assuming random effects. Psychological interventions proved to be efficacious in RCTs compared to no treatment (g = -0.68; 95% CI = -0.87, -0.48) and wait-list (g = -1.04; 95% CI = -1.25, -0.82), while depressive symptoms also improved in pre-post studies (g = -0.99; 95% CI = -1.32, -0.66). However, intervention efficacy was similar to usual care, passive, and bona-fide comparators. The heterogeneity found, a likely reporting bias and the low quality of most studies must be considered when interpreting these results. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological treatments are efficacious to reduce depressive symptoms in young adults, but comparable to other interventions in the mild-to-moderate range. Moderators like depression severity or therapist involvement significantly influenced their efficacy, with results encouraging clinicians to adopt flexible and personalized approaches.

FSI modeling on the effect of artery-aneurysm thickness and coil embolization in patient cases.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The attainment of a methodology to simulate the hemodynamic in patient-specific cerebral vessels with aneurysms is still a challenge. The novelty of this work is focused on the effect of coil embolization in a realistic cerebral aneurysm, according to the vessel wall thickness and aneurysm thickness, through transient FSI simulations. METHODS: The quality of the mesh for simulations was checked with a specific mesh convergence study; and the numerical methodology was validated using numerical research data of the literature. The model was implemented in ANSYS® software. The total deformation and equivalent stress evolution in the studied cases, before and after coil embolization, were compared. More than 20 different models were employed due to different arterial wall thickness and aneurysm wall thickness combinations. RESULTS: The obtained results have showed that deformation and stress values are highly influenced with the sac thickness. The thinner sac aneurysm thickness is, the greater deformation and stress are. The results after coil embolization process have highlighted that considering typical values of arterial wall thickness and aneurysm thickness 0.3 mm and 0.15 mm respectively, a deformation reduction around 50% and a stress reduction around 70% can be achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methodology is a step forward in the personalized medicine, quantifying the aneurysm rupture risk reduction, and helping the medical team in the preoperative planning, or to deciding the optimal treatment.

Common and differential dimensions of personal identity between psychosis and depression: The relevance of gender and depressive mood.

Disturbances in personal identity are recognized in psychosis and depression. However, it is unknown whether these disruptions share common processes across clinical groups, or whether there are unique alterations by group or between men and women within each clinical group. To advance on this question, we compared personal identity dimensions in psychosis and depression and investigated the effects of gender and depressive mood. This study assessed dimensions of personal identity using the repertory grid technique among 85 outpatients with psychosis, 85 outpatients with depressive disorders and 85 healthy controls who were matched by age. Data regarding depressive mood and general functioning was also collected. Results showed that self-discrepancies were higher in psychosis and depression than in controls, and were associated with depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking was more prevalent in women in both clinical groups. Women with psychosis showed higher ideal-others discrepancy and had a more complex structure of personal identity than their male counterparts. To conclude, alterations in self-ideal and self-others discrepancies may be transdiagnostic dimensions related to depressive mood. Interpersonal dichotomous thinking may also be a common dimensional characteristic in psychosis and depression but more specific to women. Finally, critical views of others and a higher complexity of personal identity may be more specific to women than men with psychosis. Our results are consistent with other studies pointing to the need for person-focused treatments promoting the recovery of a full sense of personal identity, rather than just focusing on specific thoughts and feelings.

Relação espacial entre o estojo córneo e a falange distal em éguas Campolina adultas com e sem obesidade / Spatial relationship between the hoof capsule and the distal phalanx in adult Campolina mares with and without obesity

A laminite endocrinopática tem acometido um número crescente de equinos com sinais de obesidade. Em um estudo recente com fêmeas jovens (até cinco anos) da raça Campolina, demonstraram-se indícios de alterações no dígito, ainda discretas, aparentemente associadas ao aumento da adiposidade. Com a hipótese de que essa associação é mais evidente em animais em faixa etária superior, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estudar éguas adultas (acima de cinco anos) da raça Campolina com e sem obesidade, avaliando-se radiograficamente a relação espacial entre estojo córneo e falange distal. Foram utilizadas 27 éguas entre seis e 14 anos de idade, sendo analisadas variáveis de adiposidade e medidas radiográficas dos cascos dos membros torácicos de equinos com escore corporal de 5 a 7/9 (grupo controle) e de 8 a 9 (grupo obeso). Foram feitas comparações entre os grupos e correlacionaram-se as variáveis de adiposidade com variáveis casco. A distância de afundamento da falange distal foi cerca de 20% superior nas éguas obesas (12,3±2,5 contra 10,2±2,2mm no grupo controle). Esse parâmetro também correlacionou (P<0,01) com vários parâmetros de adiposidade, com destaque para o escore de condição corporal (r=0,47) e a circunferência de pescoço a 75% (r=0,42). Os resultados corroboram estudos prévios que demonstraram associação entre obesidade e indícios de separação entre falange distal e estojo córneo em equinos de raças nacionais, comprovando, assim, a utilidade da avaliação radiográfica nesses animais. Em conclusão, éguas da raça Campolina com obesidade possuem alterações evidentes na relação espacial entre estojo córneo e falange distal, que se intensificam com o aumento da idade e da adiposidade.(AU)

In a recent study with young females (up to 5 years old) of the Campolina breed, there were discrete indications of alterations in the digit, apparently associated to the increase in adiposity. With the hypothesis that this association is more evident in horses in the upper age group, the objective was to study Campolina adult mares (above 5 years) with and without obesity, evaluating radiographically the spatial relationship between the horn and distal phalanx. Eighteen mares between six and fourteen years and with a body score of 5 to 7/9 (Control Group) and 8 to 9 (Obeso Group) were used. Adiposity and radiographic measurements from the forelimbs were analyzed. Comparisons were made between groups and adiposity variables were correlated with hoof variables. The sinking distance of the distal phalanx was about 20% higher in obese mares (12.3±2.5 versus 10.2±2.2mm). This parameter also correlated (P< 0.01) with several adiposity parameters, with emphasis on body score condition (r= 0.47) and neck circumference at 75% (r= 0.42). In conclusion, Campolina mares with obesity have obvious alterations in the spatial relation between the corneal and the distal phalanx, which get intense according to increases in age and adiposity.(AU)

Shape effect in active targeting of nanoparticles to inflamed cerebral endothelium under static and flow conditions.

Endothelial cells represent the first biological barrier for compounds, including nanoparticles, administered via the intravascular route. In the case of ischemic stroke and other vascular diseases, the endothelium overexpresses specific markers, which can be used as molecular targets to facilitate drug delivery and imaging. However, targeting these markers can be quite challenging due to the presence of blood flow and the associated hydrodynamic forces, reducing the likelihood of adhesion to the vessel wall. To overcome these challenges, various parameters including size, shape, charge or ligand coating have been explored to increase the targeting efficiency. Geometric shape can modulate nanoparticle binding to the cell, especially by counteracting part of the hydrodynamic forces of the bloodstream encountered by the classical spherical shape. In this study, the binding affinity of polystyrene nanoparticles with two different shapes, spherical and rod-shaped, were compared. First, vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) was evaluated as a vascular target of inflammation, induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. To evaluate the effect of nanoparticle shape on particle adhesion, nanoparticles were coated with anti-VCAM-1 and tested under static conditions in cell culture dishes coated with cerebral microvasculature cells (bEnd.3) and under dynamic flow conditions in microfluidic channels lined with hCMEC/D3 cells. Effect of particle shape on accumulation was also assessed in two in vivo models including systemic inflammation and local brain inflammation. The elongated rod-shaped particles demonstrated greater binding ability in vitro, reaching a 2.5-fold increase in the accumulation for static cultures and 1.5-fold for flow conditions. Anti-VCAM-1 coated rods exhibited a 3.5-fold increase in the brain accumulation compared to control rods. These results suggest shape offers a useful parameter in future design of drug delivery nanosystems or contrast agents for neurovascular pathologies.

La actividad física y el estado nutricional en médicos / Physical activity and nutritional status in doctors

Contexto: el personal médico, debido a su conocimiento sobre la salud física y los medios para mantener la misma, constituye un ejemplo para la comunidad en general de un correcto estilo de vida en base a una alimentación saludable y la realización de ejercicio, pero la realidad es que no se conocen datos sobre el grado de actividad física y la nutrición del personal sanitario y su estado físico. Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de sobrepeso y describir el nivel de actividad física del personal médico que labora en el Hospital San Francisco del IESS, de la ciudad de Quito. Sujetos y métodos: se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo transversal para describir la prevalencia de sobrepeso del personal médico, para lo cual se utilizó el IMC, el IPAQ versión corta y un cuestionario de consumo de alimentos. Mediciones principales: actividad física, estado nutricional, adición de sal, consumo de grasas saturadas y frutas. Resultados: se estudiaron 80 profesionales médicos, de los cuales 46, ( 57,5%; IC95%: 46,57%-67,74%) son mujeres. El 86,2% de los sujetos se encuentran en el rango de edad de 30 a 50 años. La clasificación realizada según la encuesta IPAQ, demostró que la mitad de los participantes (50%; n=40; IC95%: 39,30%-60,70%) realizan una actividad física leve, también denominada "caminata", y que solo 17 (21,3%; IC: 13,71%-31,42%) de los participantes realizan actividad física vigorosa. Las mujeres caminan más que los hombres (33% vs. 18%). El 53,8% (n= 43); IC95%: 42.9 ­ 64.3% de los médicos tienen sobrepeso y obesidad. Los hombres tienen mayor sobrepeso y obesidad que las mujeres (30% vs. 24%). El 41,3 % afirmaron que si agregan sal a sus alimentos diarios. El 22.5% si consumen grasas saturadas. En relación al consumo de frutas y verduras, el 60% (n=48); IC: 49,05%-70,04% revelaron que poseen un consumo moderado y relevante de estos productos. Habría cierta relación entre el incremento de actividad física y la disminución de IMC, la mediana del IMC tiende a disminuir. Igualmente, quienes disminuyen la actividad física incrementan el peso. Conclusión: la mitad del personal médico tiene sobrepeso. Debido a factores externos adicionales, la actividad física no es un determinante único para la reducción de peso en el personal médico. (AU)

Context: due to their knowledge about physical well-being and how to achieve it, healthcare professionalought to set the example for the community in general regarding a healthy lifestyle based on eating good food and exercising. However, in real terms, there are no data available concerning the physical condition, level oactivity and nutrition of health professionals. Objective: to establish the degree of excess weight and physical activity of the medical practitioners working aIESS (National Health Service) Hospital San Francisco in Quito. Subjects and methods: This is an epidemiologic cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at defining the prevalence of excess weight of medical personnel using BMI, IPAQ (short version) and a food consumption survey. Principal measurements: physical activity, nutritional condition, added salt, consumption of saturated fats and fruits. Results: the number of medical professionals taking part was 80, out of which 46, i.e. 57.5%; IC95%: 46.57%-67.74%) are women. 86.2% of the subjects are between 30 to 50 years of age. The IPAQ classification indicated that half of the participants (50%; n=40; IC95%: 39.30%-60.70%) undertake a moderate form ophysical activity such as walking, and that just 17 (21.3%; IC: 13.71%-31.42%) of the participants perform vigorous physical workouts. Females walk more than males (33% vs. 18%). Moreover, 53.8% (n= 43); IC95%:n 42.9 ­ 64.3% health practitioners are classed as overweight or obese. The males tended to be more overweight/ obese than the females: (30% vs. 24%). Also, 41.3 % of the subjects admitted adding salt to their food daily, and 22.5% knowingly consume saturated fats. Regarding the consumption of fruits and vegetables, 60% (n=48); IC: 49.05%-70.04% revealed that they have moderate or relevant consumption of these products. There is a correlation between increased physical activity and decreased BMI whereby the average BMI tends to go down. Likewise, those participants with decreased physical activity, tended to put on weight. Conclusion: half of the medical personnel are overweight. Due to additional external influences, physicaactivity is not the only determining factor for weight loss among the medical staff analysed. (AU)

Deshabituación tabáquica con vareniclina según dosis en distintas patologías / Tobacco cessation with varenicline according to dosage in different pathologies

Objetivos: el objetivo principal fue evaluar la eficacia de Vareniclina a mitad de dosis, comparada con la habitual, en la Unidad de Tabaquismo del Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena. Los objetivos secundarios fueron valorar: -la influencia de comorbilidades respiratorias, cardiovasculares y psiquiátricas, así como el consumo de otras drogas -la evolución de la escala hospitalaria de ansiedad/ depresión (HADS). Métodos: ensayo clínico prospectivo, aleatorizado, a 2 grupos, con una 1ª visita médica y soporte cognitivoconductual durante un año. Se emplearon pautas cortas (2 meses) a dosis de 1 mg/12h vs 0,5 mg/12h. Resultados: la tasa de abstinencia a un año fue del 46,5% con 1 mg vs 46,4% con 0,5 mg, p = 1,0. Los pacientes con síndrome metabólico (n = 27) presentaron mejor abstinencia (74,1% vs 42,3%, p = 0,01). Aquellos con EPOC (n = 162, 33,5%) también dejaron de fumar más (52,5% vs 43,5%, p = 0,067). Sin embargo, el asma bronquial (n = 41) suponía más dificultad para dejar de fumar (26,8% vs 49,1%, p = 0,005). De los 109 previamente diagnosticados de ansiedaddepresión, un 41,3% dejó de fumar vs un 49% (p = 0,154), observándose una tendencia a mejor abstinencia con la dosis reducida (44,3% vs 37,5% con la dosis estándar, p = 0,094). En cuanto a la evolución de los parámetros psiquiátricos, se realizó el HADS al comienzo, a los 3 meses y al año, objetivándose una reducción >50%, incluso más llamativa en el subgrupo de adicción a drogas

Aims: the main aim of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of low dose Varenicline, compared to the standard dose, at the Stop-Smoking Clinic of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital. The secondary aims were to evaluate: -the influence of respiratory, cardiovascular and psychiatric diseases, as well as consumption of other drugs -the evolution of hospital anxiety/depression scale (HADS). Methods: randomized parallel-group controlled trial, with a baseline visit and 6 follow-ups during 1 year. Patients were randomized either to 1 mg or 0.5 mg (both twice daily during 8 weeks). Results: abstinence rates at 1 year were 46.5% with 1 mg vs. 46.4% with 0.5 mg (p = 1.0) Patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 27) had better quit rates than those without this condition (74,1% vs 42,3%, p = 0,01).Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n = 162, 33,5%) were more successful in quitting smoking than those who did not have this disease (52,5% vs 43,5%, p = 0,067). However, having bronchial asthma (n = 41) was related to having more difficulties in stopping smoking (26,8% vs 49,1%, p = 0,005). From the 109 patients previously diagnosed with anxiety and depression disorder, 41,3% stopped smoking vs 49% of those who did not have this condition (p = 0,154). There was a tendency to better results with the low dose (44,3% vs 37,5% with the standard dose, p = 0,094). Regarding to the evolution of the psychiatric parameters, there was a reduction of more than 50% of the HADS score from the start of the program to the end of the follow-up year

Economic values and selection index in different Angus-Nellore cross-bred production systems.

Bioeconomic models were developed to calculate economic values (EV) for economically important traits in beef cattle, to evaluate the impact of these traits on production profitability, to assess possible market changes with a payment system and to develop economic selection indexes for Angus cattle for two production systems. Two beef cattle production systems were simulated as follows: a cow-calf cycle (CC) and a complete cycle (CoC). Following selection, positive changes in the EV were observed. In the CC, each 1.0% increment in weaning weight (WW), weaning rate (WR) and pregnancy rate (PR) resulted in increases in US$ 1.30, US$ 3.68 and US$ 3.55 per cow/year in profit, respectively. In the CoC, EV of US$ 1.01, US$ 1.79, US$ 1.19, US$ 1.34, US$ 6.84 and US$ 7.86 per cow/year were obtained for WW, year weight, yearling weight, final weight, WR and PR, respectively. The payment system for carcass quality showed that the scenario considering that 100% of the animals displayed uniform carcasses exhibited the highest EV and was considered optimal. Considering the sensitivity analysis, the price paid per animal was the factor that most affected the EV in both systems. The selection indexes obtained may be used in similar production systems, and the use of EV and selection indexes are important tools for any production system with positive change in profit after selection.

Neurologic Wilson disease: case series on a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency.

Wilson disease is a rare genetic disease causing pathologic deposition of copper in the liver, brain, cornea, kidney, and cardiac muscles. Presented are two cases of neurologic Wilson disease with progressive movement disorder and Kayser-Fleischer rings with low serum copper, low ceruloplasmin, and increased 24-hour urine copper against a background of normal transaminases. Cranial imaging revealed symmetric basal ganglia hyperintensities in T2/FLAIR. More often than not, these cases go unnoticed and misdiagnosed because of its rarity and varied presentation. Extensive workup is necessary to confirm the diagnosis. As for management, the earlier the intervention is initiated, the better prognosis would be for recovery. There are several treatment options which should be tailored to every patient with neurologic Wilson disease. Neurologic Wilson disease is considered as a copper toxicity; immediate diagnostic evaluation and early treatment initiation is a must.

La Enfermedad de Wilson es una enfermedad genética rara provocada por un depósito patológico de cobre en el hígado, cerebro, córnea, riñón y músculo cardíaco. Se presentan dos casos de Enfermedad de Wilson neurológica con trastorno progresivo del movimiento y anillos de Kayser-Fleischer con cobre y ceruloplasmina séricos bajos, y aumento de cobre en orina de 24 horas, con transaminasas normales. Las imágenes craneales revelan hiperintensidad simétrica en T2/FLAIR de los ganglios basales. Lo más frecuente es que estos casos pasen inadvertidos o no se realice el diagnóstico correcto debido a la rareza y variedad de sus presentaciones. Se require de un completo trabajo para poder precisar el diagnóstico. Respecto al manejo, cuanto antes se inicie la intervención, mejor será el pronóstico para la recuperación. Existen diversas opciones terapéuticas y deben adaptarse a cada paciente con Enfermedad de Wilson neurológica. La Enfermedad de Wilson neurológica se considera una toxicidad al cobre, por lo que es una necesidad la evaluación diagnóstica inmediata y el tratamiento precoz.

La maladie de Wilson est une maladie génétique rare qui provoque un dépôt de cuivre pathologique dans le foie, le cerveau, la cornée, le rein et le muscle cardiaque. Nous présentons deux cas de maladie de Wilson dans sa forme neurologique avec un trouble kinétique progressif et des anneaux de Kayser-Fleischer, avec une hypocuprémie, une hypocéruloplasminémie et une hypercuprurie des 24 h, les transaminases étant normales. L'IRM cérébrale montre des hypersignaux symétriques en FLAIR et T2 des ganglions de la base. Le plus souvent ces cas ne sont pas diagnostiqués et passent inaperçus en raison de la rareté et de la présentation variée de la maladie. Un bilan approfondi est nécessaire pour établir le diagnostic. De même que pour la prise en charge, plus tôt le traitement est instauré, meilleur est le pronostic de guérison. Plusieurs options de traitement sont disponibles qui doivent être adaptées à chaque patient atteint de la maladie de Wilson. La maladie de Wilson sous sa forme neurologique est considérée comme une toxicité au cuivre ; elle nécessite une évaluation diagnostique immédiate et un traitement précoce.

Hipertrigliceridemia asociada a sobrepeso y obesidad en médicos del hospital San Francisco del IESS, en la ciudad de Quito: una alerta para los profesionales médicos / Hypertriglyceridemia associated with overweight and obesity in doctors at the San Francisco del IESS hospital, in the city of Quito: an alert for medical professionals

Contexto: la OMS menciona que la alteración del estado nutricional será notorio en países en vías de desarrollo, en los cuales se experimentará cambios acelerados en los regímenes alimentarios y el modo de vida de su población, y será una respuesta a "la industrialización, la urbanización, el desarrollo económico y la globalización de los mercados"; en Ecuador la población aumentó el consumo de productos alimenticios de rápida disponibilidad, saturados en grasas y con un gran contenido calórico; y según estadísticas actuales en la última década en Ecuador se ha demostrado un notable cambio nutricional. Y es por eso que, al existir estos nuevos accesos se debe tomar en cuenta a la Hipertrigliceridemia como factor de riesgo a futuro de Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles especialmente cardiovasculares. Objetivo: describir la tasa de prevalencia de Hipertrigliceridemia en relación con el sobrepeso y obesidad en médicos del Hospital San Francisco del IESS en la ciudad de Quito del período 2015 ­ 2016. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó un estudio Epidemiológico Descriptivo de conjunto para describir la tasa de prevalencia de Hipertrigliceridemia y su relación con el estado nutricional del personal médico, para lo cual se utilizó el I.M.C. y nivel de triglicéridos en sangre. Mediciones principales: estado nutricional, triglicéridos. Resultados: se estudiaron 90 profesionales médicos, de los cuales el 60% IC95% 49,67 ­ 69,51% fueron mujeres con una media de edad de 37,96 ± 5,95 años y el 40% IC95% 30,49 ­ 50,33% fueron hombres de 40,94 ± 7,53 años de edad. Se observó que la prevalencia de Hipertrigliceridemia fue de 34,44% IC95% 25,45 ­ 44,72%, según el sexo fue de 22,22% IC95% 13,20 ­ 34,94% en mujeres y de 52,78% IC95% 37,01 ­ 68,01% en hombres. La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue de 52,2% IC95% 37,76 ­ 57,98 %, por sexo fue de 42,59% IC95% 30,33 ­ 55,84% en mujeres y de 66,67% IC95% 50,33 ­ 79,79% en hombres. El 23,26% IC95% 13,15 ­ 37,74% de los 43 sujetos con sobrepeso u obesidad fueron hipertrigliceridémicos, es decir, representa una tasa de Hipertrigliceridemia de 232,6 x cada 1000 habitantes con sobrepeso. Conclusiones: 5 de cada 10 médicos tuvieron obesidad. 3 de cada 10 médicos presentaron hipertrigliceridemia. Aproximadamente la cuarta parte de los sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad tienen hipertrigliceridemia. La hipertrigliceridemia se relaciona con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Los profesionales de la salud tienen una alta prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia con sobrepesou obesidad, lo que los expone a desarrollar enfermedades de riesgo cardiovascular. (AU)

Context: the World Health Organisation has mentioned that accelerated changes in the food regime and lifestyles of the population will cause noticeable alterations in the nutritional conditions of people in developing countries occurring as a response to the "industrialization, urbanisation, economic development and globalization of markets". In Ecuador, people have increased their consumption of readily available food products which are high in saturated fats and are distinctly calorific; and thus, according to current statistics, in the past ten years a noticeable nutritional shift has taken place. It is therefore imperative to consider Hypertriglyceridemia as a future risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovascular ones. Objective: to describe the rate of prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia in relation to excess weight and obesity in doctors working for IESS (National Health Service) San Francisco Hospital in Quito during the 2015 ­ 2016 period. Subjects and methods: this is an epidemiological descriptive set of studies using BMI and triglyceride counts, aimed at describing the prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and its relation to the nutritional conditions of medical personnel. Main measurements: nutritional conditions, triglycerides Results: a total of 90 medical staff took part: 60% IC95% 49.67 ­ 69.51% were female with an average age of 37.96 ± 5.95 years, and 40% IC95% 30.49 ­ 50.33% were male ranging 40.94 ± 7.53 years of age. The prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia was 34.44% IC95% 25.45 ­ 44.72%, and according to gender: 22.22% IC95% 13.20 ­ 34.94% in women and 52.78% IC95% 37.01 ­ 68.01% in men. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity was 52.2% IC95% 37.76 ­ 57.98 %: in terms of gender 42.59% IC95% 30.33 ­ 55.84% in women and 66.67% IC95% 50.33 ­ 79.79% in men. The results indicated that 23.26% IC95% 13.15 ­ 37.74% of the 43 subjects suffering excess weight or obesity are hypertriglyceridemic: this is equal to a hypertriglyceridemic rate of 232.6 x per every 1000 overweight persons. Conclusion: five of every 10 doctors are obese, and 3 out of every 10 present Hypertriglyceridemia. Approximately a quarter of the persons suffering excess weight and obesity have Hypertriglyceridemia which is a disease that is directly related to excess weight and obesity. Medical professionals have a high prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia due to being overweight and obese, and are therefore at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.(AU)

Increased expression of ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes in patients with endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a benign, estrogen-dependent disease with symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility, and it is characterized by the ectopic distribution of endometrial tissue. The expression of the ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes was compared between the endometrium of women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycle and the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis in the proliferative phase. Paired tissue samples from 20 women were analyzed: 10 from endometrial and peritoneal endometriotic lesions and 10 from endometrial and ovarian endometriotic lesions. As controls, 16 endometrium samples were collected from women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There was no significant difference between gene expression in the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. The ID2 gene expression was increased in the most advanced stage of endometriosis and in ovarian endometriomas, the PRELP was more expressed in peritoneal lesions, and the SMOC2 was highly expressed in both peritoneal and endometrioma lesions. Considering that the genes studied participate either directly or indirectly in cellular processes that can lead to cell migration, angiogenesis, and inappropriate invasion, it is possible that the deregulation of these genes caused the development and maintenance of ectopic tissue.

Antiproliferative effects of Bortezomib in endothelial cells transformed by viral G protein-coupled receptor associated to Kaposi's sarcoma.

The Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpes virus G Protein-Coupled Receptor (vGPCR) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi Sarcoma. We have previously demonstrated that the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib inhibits NF-κB pathway, which is required for tumor maintenance in endothelial cells that express vGPCR (vGPCR cells). In this work, we further investigated Bortezomib anti-proliferative mechanism of action. We demonstrated that Bortezomib decreases vGPCR cell number in a dose-dependent manner and induces cell morphology changes. Bortezomib decreases ERK1/2 phosphorylation whereas induces the accumulation of MKP-3 - a specific ERK1/2 MAP kinase phosphatase - in time and concentration dependent manner (1.5-32h; 0.25-1nM). The transcription factor FOXO1 is activated by dephosphorylation and regulates p21 expression. Here, we demonstrated that Bortezomib increases FOXO1 protein and decreases its phosphorylation in a concentration dependent manner (0.25-1nM). Bortezomib (0.5nM, 24h) also increase nuclear FOXO1 protein, in line with FOXO1 dephosphorylation induced by the drug. Consistent with FOXO1 dephosphorylation/activation, p21 mRNA expression is increased by Bortezomib in a MKP-3-dependent way. Bortezomib (0.5nM, 24h) also decreases VEGF, an ERK1/2 -dependent effect. It is concluded that in vGPCR cells, Bortezomib decreases ERK1/2 and FOXO1 phosphorylation through MKP-3 accumulation, leading ERK1/2 deactivation and FOXO1 activation respectively and, consequently, to cell proliferation inhibition, p21 induction and VEGF repression. Taken together, all these events contribute to the anti-tumoral effect of Bortezomib.

Increased expression of ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes in patients with endometriosis

Endometriosis is a benign, estrogen-dependent disease with symptoms such as pelvic pain and infertility, and it is characterized by the ectopic distribution of endometrial tissue. The expression of the ID2, PRELP and SMOC2 genes was compared between the endometrium of women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycle and the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis in the proliferative phase. Paired tissue samples from 20 women were analyzed: 10 from endometrial and peritoneal endometriotic lesions and 10 from endometrial and ovarian endometriotic lesions. As controls, 16 endometrium samples were collected from women without endometriosis in the proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Analysis was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There was no significant difference between gene expression in the endometrium of women with and without endometriosis. The ID2 gene expression was increased in the most advanced stage of endometriosis and in ovarian endometriomas, the PRELP was more expressed in peritoneal lesions, and the SMOC2 was highly expressed in both peritoneal and endometrioma lesions. Considering that the genes studied participate either directly or indirectly in cellular processes that can lead to cell migration, angiogenesis, and inappropriate invasion, it is possible that the deregulation of these genes caused the development and maintenance of ectopic tissue.

Mechanical nociceptive thresholds of dorsal laminae in horses after local anaesthesia of the palmar digital nerves or dorsal branches of the digital nerve.

We examined the hypothesis that the palmar digital nerves (PDNs), but not the dorsal branches (DBs) of the digital nerves, innervate the sensitive dorsal laminae of the equine foot by evaluating the effects of perineural anaesthesia of the PDNs and DBs separately on pain sensation evoked via mechanical stimulation of the dorsal laminae and other regions of the equine foot. Six clinically normal mares were used in a crossover design. A portable dynamometer was used to evaluate mechanical nociceptive thresholds at different points on the dorsal laminae, bulbs of the heel, coronary band and sole before and after the horses underwent perineural injection of PDNs or DBs with a local anaesthetic solution (treated group) or an isotonic saline solution (control group). Cornified tissue was removed from the sole and the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall before evaluations of mechanical nociceptive thresholds. Anaesthetising PDNs distal to the DBs increased mechanical nociceptive thresholds compared to baseline values (P <0.001) at sites assessed in the dorsal laminae, sole, and the bulbs of the heels. Anaesthetising DBs increased mechanical nociceptive thresholds compared to baseline values (P <0.01) only at sites assessed at the most proximal aspect of the foot (i.e., coronary band sites). In conclusion, PDNs, not DBs, are primarily responsible for pain signal transmission evoked by pressure in the dorsal laminae of the foot of clinically normal horses.

Growth curves of carcass traits obtained by ultrasonography in three lines of Nellore cattle selected for body weight.

The effect of selection for postweaning weight was evaluated within the growth curve parameters for both growth and carcass traits. Records of 2404 Nellore animals from three selection lines were analyzed: two selection lines for high postweaning weight, selection (NeS) and traditional (NeT); and a control line (NeC) in which animals were selected for postweaning weight close to the average. Body weight (BW), hip height (HH), rib eye area (REA), back fat thickness (BFT), and rump fat thickness (RFT) were measured and records collected from animals 8 to 20 (males) and 11 to 26 (females) months of age. The parameters A (asymptotic value) and k (growth rate) were estimated using the nonlinear model procedure of the Statistical Analysis System program, which included fixed effect of line (NeS, NeT, and NeC) in the model, with the objective to evaluate differences in the estimated parameters between lines. Selected animals (NeS and NeT) showed higher growth rates than control line animals (NeC) for all traits. Line effect on curves parameters was significant (P < 0.001) for BW, HH, and REA in males, and for BFT and RFT in females. Selection for postweaning weight was effective in altering growth curves, resulting in animals with higher growth potential.

Reação de fase aguda e sua relação com o desempenho de cavalos em competição de longa distância / Acute phase reaction and its relationship with performance horses competing long distance

O exercício físico é um dos estímulos fisiológicos mais estressantes que um animal pode sofrer e, dependendo de sua intensidade, sugere-se que possa gerar uma reação mediada por proteínas de fase aguda (PFA). O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a reação de fase aguda e sua relação com o desempenho de cavalos submetidos a uma competição de longa distância. O experimento foi desenvolvido durante a Marcha de Resistência anual promovida pela Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Cavalos Crioulos (ABCCC), composta por um percurso de 750km percorrido durante 15 dias. Foram avaliados 23 equinos, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo o grupo 1 composto pelos 10 primeiros colocados na competição e o grupo 2 formado pelos 13 animais que concluíram a competição em colocações inferiores ou foram desclassificados antes de terminar a prova. Efetuaram-se coletas sanguíneas em repouso (dia 0) e no último dia de competição, e foi realizado o teste de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) para identificar as proteínas (albumina, haptoglobina, ceruloplasmina, transferrina, imunoglobulina G, imunoglobulina A, glicoproteína ácida e proteína de peso molecular de 23kDa). Os resultados demonstraram que o exercício físico imposto influenciou de forma significativa (P<0,0001) as concentrações séricas de haptoglobina, ceruloplasmina, imunoglobulina A, glicoproteína ácida e proteína de peso molecular de 23kDa. Quando comparados os resultados dos grupos estudados, observou-se que a concentração de haptoglobina após a competição foi superior no grupo de animais com baixo desempenho (grupo 2). Conclui-se que a competição de longa duração é capaz de gerar reação de fase aguda e que o monitoramento da concentração de haptoglobina pode ser um sinalizador de processo inflamatório e baixo desempenho.(AU)

Exercise is one of the most stressful physiologic stimuli that an animal might suffer, depending on its intensity it may generate a reaction mediated by acute phase proteins (APP). The aim of this study was to characterize the acute phase reaction and its relation to performance horses subjected to long distance competition. The experiment was conducted during the annual March of Resistance promoted by the Brazilian Association of Crioulo Horse Breeders (ABCCC), composed of a 750km route traveled during 15 days. 23 horses which were divided in two groups, one group composed by the 10 best placed horses and the second group consisting of 13 animals that have completed the competition in other positions or were disqualified before concluding the race were evaluated. All horses at the beginning of the competition (day 0) and on the last day of competition were subjected to collection of blood and SDS-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis was used to measure APPs concentrations (albumin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, haptoglobin, acid glycoprotein, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and a protein with molecular weight of 23 kDa). By the evaluation of the results, it was observed that exercise had a highly significant influence (P<0.0001) in the serum concentrations of the ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, acid glycoprotein, immunoglobulin A and protein with molecular weight of 23kDa. When comparing the results of the study groups it was observed that the concentration of haptoglobin after the competition was higher in the group of animals with low performance (group 2). We conclude that the long term competition is able to generate acute phase reaction and monitoring the concentration of haptoglobin may be an indicator of inflammation and low performance.(AU)